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Jixia Academy
The Jixia Academy or Academy of the Gate of Chi〔Needham, Joseph. ''(Science and Civilisation in China )'', Vol. 1, pp. 95 f. Cambridge University Press, 1956. ISBN 052105799X, 9780521057998. Accessed 2 Nov 2012.〕 was a scholarly academy during the Warring States period.〔 It was located in Linzi, the capital of Qi (present-day Shandong). The academy took its name from its position outside the city's western gate,〔Kirkland, R. ''(Taoism: The Enduring Tradition )'', pp. 64 f. Routledge, 2004. ISBN 0203688678, 9780203688670. Accessed 2 Nov 2012.〕 named for the harvest god Ji.
==Establishment==
Based on passages in the ''Records of the Grand Historian'',〔Sima Qian. ''Records of the Grand Historian''.〕 the academy is generally credited to King Xuan and given a foundation date around 318 BC. However, Xu Gan credited the academy to King Xuan's grandfather, Duke Huan, and Sima Qian's passages are consistent with King Xuan having restored rather than established the institution.〔Makeham, John. ''(Name and Actuality in Early Chinese Thought )'', pp. 249 f. SUNY Press, 1994. ISBN 0791419843, 9780791419847. Accessed 2 Nov 2012.〕 Although the academy has been summarized as "the first time on record a state began to act as a patron of scholarship out of the apparent conviction that this was a proper function of the state",〔 others argue that the ''Huanglao'' political theories and the prestige produced by the project were undertaken merely to bolster the Tian clan's legitimacy following Duke Tai's overthrow of Qi's previous Jiang dynasty〔Peerenboom, Randall. ''(Law and Morality in Ancient China: The Silk Manuscripts of Huang-Lao )'', pp. 224 ff. SUNY Press, 1993. ISBN 0791412377, 9780791412374.〕 and Duke Huan's execution of his brother, nephew, and mother.〔''Bamboo Annals''. "Annals of Wei". 〕
抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』
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